1. Transport layer aggregates data
from different applications into a
single stream before passing it to
a) network layer
b) data link layer
c) application layer
d) physical layer
Answer:a
2. Which one of the following is a
transport layer protocol used in
internet
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:c
3. User datagram protocol is called
connectionless because
a) all UDP packets are treated
independently by transport layer
b) it sends data as a stream of
related packets
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
4. Transmission control protocol is
a) connection oriented protocol
b) uses a three way handshake to
establish a connection
c) recievs data from application as a
single stream
d) all of the mentioned
Answer:d
5. An endpoint of an inter-process
communication flow across a
computer network is called
a) socket
b) pipe
c) port
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
6. Socket-style API for windows is
called
a) wsock
b) winsock
c) wins
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:b
7. Which one of the following is a
version of UDP with congestion
control?
a) datagram congestion control
protocol
b) stream control transmission
protocol
c) structured stream transport
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
8. A _____ is a TCP name for a
transport service access point.
a) port
b) pipe
c) node
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
9. Transport layer protocols deals
with
a) application to application
communication
b) process to process communication
c) node to node communication
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:b
10. Which one of the following is a
transport layer protocol?
a) stream control transmission
protocol
b) internet control message protocol
c) neighbor discovery protocol
d) dynamic host configuration
protocol
Answer:a
from different applications into a
single stream before passing it to
a) network layer
b) data link layer
c) application layer
d) physical layer
Answer:a
2. Which one of the following is a
transport layer protocol used in
internet
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:c
3. User datagram protocol is called
connectionless because
a) all UDP packets are treated
independently by transport layer
b) it sends data as a stream of
related packets
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
4. Transmission control protocol is
a) connection oriented protocol
b) uses a three way handshake to
establish a connection
c) recievs data from application as a
single stream
d) all of the mentioned
Answer:d
5. An endpoint of an inter-process
communication flow across a
computer network is called
a) socket
b) pipe
c) port
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
6. Socket-style API for windows is
called
a) wsock
b) winsock
c) wins
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:b
7. Which one of the following is a
version of UDP with congestion
control?
a) datagram congestion control
protocol
b) stream control transmission
protocol
c) structured stream transport
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
8. A _____ is a TCP name for a
transport service access point.
a) port
b) pipe
c) node
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:a
9. Transport layer protocols deals
with
a) application to application
communication
b) process to process communication
c) node to node communication
d) none of the mentioned
Answer:b
10. Which one of the following is a
transport layer protocol?
a) stream control transmission
protocol
b) internet control message protocol
c) neighbor discovery protocol
d) dynamic host configuration
protocol
Answer:a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q. WHICH ONE IS VOLATILE MEMORY IN A COMPUTER SYSTEM?
Ans. RAM
Ans. RAM
Q. FIREWALL IN COMPUTER IS USED FOR?
Ans SECURITY
Ans SECURITY
Here some common PC errors and the solutions for them...
Do have a look...................!!
1. MONITOR LED IS BLINKING
Check all the connections like Monitor Cable, Data
cables,RAM, Display Card , CPU connections.
2. CONTINUOS THREE BEEPS
Problem in RAM Connection.
3. THREE BEEPS ( 1 Long 2 Short)
Problem in Display Card Connection
4. THREE LONG BEEPS PERIOD WISE
Problem in BIOS or RAM (Basic Input Output System)
5. CONTINUOS NON-STOP BEEPING
Key Board Problem (I.e.; Some Key is pressed for
Longer time)
6. FDD LED IS GLOWING CONTINUOSLY
Data cable to be connected properly (twisted cable).
7. NO DISPLAY ON THE SCREEN AT ALL
Hard Disk cable connected wrongly. Connect rightly
seeing the Red mark (Faces power supply) and then
Restart.
8. POWER LED IS OFF
a. Check main power cord
b. Check S.M.P.S.
c. Check Mother Board connection
9. SHOWING CMOS ERROR
Replace 3 Volt battery of Mother Board . Set Original
Settings Manually.(Refer CMOS Setup chart)
Enter your search termsSubmit search form
10. SHOWING FDD ERROR OR FLOPPY DRIVE IS NOT
WORKING PROPERLY
Check Power cord of FDD , Data Cables , set CMOS &
Finally the Check drive.
11. SHOWING HDD ERROR OR HARD DISK FAILURE
a. Check Power Cord
b. Check connection of HDD
c. Check Data cable
d. Check Hard Disk parameters in CMOS or Auto
detecting Setting Partitions by Fdisk Command, then
format it to set track 0.
12. MOTHER BOARD HANGS DUE TO UNSTABILIZED
POWER SUPPLY
a. Check S.M.P.S
b. RAM not functioning properly.
c. Software problem (due to using pirated software)
d. CPU fan not functioning properly.
13. DANCING SCREEN
a. Check Display card connection
b. Virus Problem
c. Video Memory Problem
14. SHAKING SCREEN
a. Earthing problem
b. Magnetic waves comes around.
15. CPU CABINET SHOCK
a. Check Earthing
b. Check main power cord.
16. NON-SYSTEM DISK ERROR
a. Floppy Drive having different disk (Non-Bootable
Disk) OR CMOS Parameters for Hard Disk may not be
set properly.
b. Hard Disk Partitions may not be created.
c. Hard Disk may not be formatted.
17. MISSING OPERATING SYSTEM
The System files missing namely Ie; command.com} -
User File IO.SYS & MS_DOS.SYS } - Hidden Files. These
above three files required for Start up of the system
that can be transferred by using SYS C: Command OR
While the time of formatting by using Format c:/u/s
18. MISSING COMMAND INTERPRETOR
May the file Command.com is corrupted OR Infected
by Virus OR Some one has Erased it.
19. SHOWING I/O ERROR
a. The type of Hard Disk in CMOS may not be set
properly.
b. Operating system used for formatting is not valid
20. SHOWING DIVIDE OVER- FLOW MESSAGE
a. May some Directories or Files crash with other files.
b. Use CHKDSK/F or SCANDISK Command to correct it.
21. HARD DISK MAKING NOISE WHILE PROCESSING
a. Unstabilized power supply.
b. Check for Loose Contact.
c. Do not use Y Connectors for Hard Disk.
d. It may create Bad Sector OR Weak Hard Disk.
22. HARD DISK HANGS WHILE PROCESSING
Check for Bad Sector by using CHKDSK or SCANDISK
Command. If found format the Hard Disk and set
Partition before that area.(This is the only procedure
to use Hard Disk with Bad Sector) OR (To avoid Bad
Sectors use Standard Power Supply)
23. HARD DISK NOT DETECTED
a. Check Power Connector
b. Check Data Cables
c. Check Jumpers
24. PARTITION NOT SHOWN
Operating System where the Hard Disk formatted is
not supported with present Mother Board. For Eg:
Hard Disk formatted with Pentium System will hide
their partitions for 486 System.
25. MMX/DLL FILE MISSING
May the above files may be corrupted due to power
failure or Virus. Make available above files from other
Computer. OR Reinstall Windows 98 Operating
System. (This procedure will not make any effect on
existing Data).
26. WINDOWS REGISTRY ERROR
This will happen due to sudden ON/OFF of the
system. Final solution is to Reinstall Operating System.
27. DISPLAY COLOUR DOES NOT MATCH
a. Configure Display Card properly with their CD.
b. The Standard setting for Windows is set it to
800x600 for better performance.
28. UNKNOWN DEVICE FOUND
May the Driver utility is not provided with operating
system . Insert Driver CD and install software for the
above Device...
Do have a look...................!!
1. MONITOR LED IS BLINKING
Check all the connections like Monitor Cable, Data
cables,RAM, Display Card , CPU connections.
2. CONTINUOS THREE BEEPS
Problem in RAM Connection.
3. THREE BEEPS ( 1 Long 2 Short)
Problem in Display Card Connection
4. THREE LONG BEEPS PERIOD WISE
Problem in BIOS or RAM (Basic Input Output System)
5. CONTINUOS NON-STOP BEEPING
Key Board Problem (I.e.; Some Key is pressed for
Longer time)
6. FDD LED IS GLOWING CONTINUOSLY
Data cable to be connected properly (twisted cable).
7. NO DISPLAY ON THE SCREEN AT ALL
Hard Disk cable connected wrongly. Connect rightly
seeing the Red mark (Faces power supply) and then
Restart.
8. POWER LED IS OFF
a. Check main power cord
b. Check S.M.P.S.
c. Check Mother Board connection
9. SHOWING CMOS ERROR
Replace 3 Volt battery of Mother Board . Set Original
Settings Manually.(Refer CMOS Setup chart)
Enter your search termsSubmit search form
10. SHOWING FDD ERROR OR FLOPPY DRIVE IS NOT
WORKING PROPERLY
Check Power cord of FDD , Data Cables , set CMOS &
Finally the Check drive.
11. SHOWING HDD ERROR OR HARD DISK FAILURE
a. Check Power Cord
b. Check connection of HDD
c. Check Data cable
d. Check Hard Disk parameters in CMOS or Auto
detecting Setting Partitions by Fdisk Command, then
format it to set track 0.
12. MOTHER BOARD HANGS DUE TO UNSTABILIZED
POWER SUPPLY
a. Check S.M.P.S
b. RAM not functioning properly.
c. Software problem (due to using pirated software)
d. CPU fan not functioning properly.
13. DANCING SCREEN
a. Check Display card connection
b. Virus Problem
c. Video Memory Problem
14. SHAKING SCREEN
a. Earthing problem
b. Magnetic waves comes around.
15. CPU CABINET SHOCK
a. Check Earthing
b. Check main power cord.
16. NON-SYSTEM DISK ERROR
a. Floppy Drive having different disk (Non-Bootable
Disk) OR CMOS Parameters for Hard Disk may not be
set properly.
b. Hard Disk Partitions may not be created.
c. Hard Disk may not be formatted.
17. MISSING OPERATING SYSTEM
The System files missing namely Ie; command.com} -
User File IO.SYS & MS_DOS.SYS } - Hidden Files. These
above three files required for Start up of the system
that can be transferred by using SYS C: Command OR
While the time of formatting by using Format c:/u/s
18. MISSING COMMAND INTERPRETOR
May the file Command.com is corrupted OR Infected
by Virus OR Some one has Erased it.
19. SHOWING I/O ERROR
a. The type of Hard Disk in CMOS may not be set
properly.
b. Operating system used for formatting is not valid
20. SHOWING DIVIDE OVER- FLOW MESSAGE
a. May some Directories or Files crash with other files.
b. Use CHKDSK/F or SCANDISK Command to correct it.
21. HARD DISK MAKING NOISE WHILE PROCESSING
a. Unstabilized power supply.
b. Check for Loose Contact.
c. Do not use Y Connectors for Hard Disk.
d. It may create Bad Sector OR Weak Hard Disk.
22. HARD DISK HANGS WHILE PROCESSING
Check for Bad Sector by using CHKDSK or SCANDISK
Command. If found format the Hard Disk and set
Partition before that area.(This is the only procedure
to use Hard Disk with Bad Sector) OR (To avoid Bad
Sectors use Standard Power Supply)
23. HARD DISK NOT DETECTED
a. Check Power Connector
b. Check Data Cables
c. Check Jumpers
24. PARTITION NOT SHOWN
Operating System where the Hard Disk formatted is
not supported with present Mother Board. For Eg:
Hard Disk formatted with Pentium System will hide
their partitions for 486 System.
25. MMX/DLL FILE MISSING
May the above files may be corrupted due to power
failure or Virus. Make available above files from other
Computer. OR Reinstall Windows 98 Operating
System. (This procedure will not make any effect on
existing Data).
26. WINDOWS REGISTRY ERROR
This will happen due to sudden ON/OFF of the
system. Final solution is to Reinstall Operating System.
27. DISPLAY COLOUR DOES NOT MATCH
a. Configure Display Card properly with their CD.
b. The Standard setting for Windows is set it to
800x600 for better performance.
28. UNKNOWN DEVICE FOUND
May the Driver utility is not provided with operating
system . Insert Driver CD and install software for the
above Device...
----------------------------------------------------------
Keyboard Shortcuts (Windows)
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
Delete (Delete)
Shift+Delete (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in
the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+Shift while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next
word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous
word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next
paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous
paragraph)
CTRL+Shift with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
Shift with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on
the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
Alt+Enter (View the properties for the selected item)
Alt+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
Alt+Enter (Display the properties of the selected object)
Alt+Spacebar (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have
multiple documents open simultaneously)
Alt+Tab (Switch between the open items)
Alt+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
Shift+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
Alt+Spacebar (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
Alt+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the
corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
Backspace (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
Shift when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM
from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+Tab (Move forward through the tabs)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+Tab (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+Shift+Tab (Move backward through the tabs)
Tab (Move forward through the options)
Shift+Tab (Move backward through the options)
Alt+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the
corresponding option)
Enter (Perform the command for the active option or button)
Spacebar (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
Backspace (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or
Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Win (Display or hide the Start menu)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Win (Display or hide the Start menu)
Win+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Win+D (Display the desktop)
Win+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Win+Shift+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Win+E (Open My Computer)
Win+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Win+F (Search for computers)
Win+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Win+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Win+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Win+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right Shift for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right Shift for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left Alt+left Shift+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left Alt+left Shift+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
Shift five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Win +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+* (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK++ (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+- (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent
folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first
subfolder)
Shortcut Keys For Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move
Shortcut Keys For Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move
through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
Spacebar (Switch between Enlarged and Nor mal mode when a character is
selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard ShortcutsCTRL+O (Open a saved console)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard ShortcutsCTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Close window/tab)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
Alt+Spacebar (Display the MMC window menu)
Alt+F4 (Close the console)
Alt+A (Display the Action menu)
Alt+V (Display the View menu)
Alt+F (Display the File menu)
Alt+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard ShortcutsCTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
MMC Console Window Keyboard ShortcutsCTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
Alt+- (Display the window menu for the active console window)
Shift+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
Alt+Enter (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one
console
window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+Alt+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+Alt+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
Alt+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)Alt+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
Alt+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
Alt+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+Alt+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full
screen)
Alt+Delete (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+Alt+- (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal
server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN
on a local computer.)
CTRL+Alt++ (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal
server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt+PRINT
SCREEN on a local computer.)
Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
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